Why did Friedrich Nietzsche criticize Socratic rationalism in The Birth of Tragedy?

In The Birth of Tragedy, Friedrich Nietzsche criticizes Socratic rationalism because he views it as the primary force that caused the death of Greek tragedy.12

Nietzsche argues that Greek tragedy flourished through the delicate balance of two opposing forces: the Apollonian (representing measure, restraint, and harmony) and the Dionysian (representing unbridled passion and ecstasy). He contends that Socratic rationalism introduced an "optimism" that prioritized the belief in the explicability of nature and the idea that knowledge is a panacea.314

This shift toward Socratic dialectic and the pursuit of scientific understanding diverted questions of human existence away from the aesthetic and mythic realm of drama and into the domain of philosophy. By asserting that human life could be understood and improved solely through the exercise of reason, Socratic thought undermined the tragic myth, which Nietzsche believed was essential for humanity to confront the "ugly and disharmonic" aspects of existence without perishing through truth. Ultimately, Nietzsche saw this rationalist spirit as a destructive influence that eroded the cultural foundations necessary for the tragic art form to survive.241