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Why did Claude Bernardâs father struggle financially?
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Claude Bernard
Claude Bernard, detail of a lithograph by A. Laemlein, 1858.
Claude Bernardâs father, Pierre, struggled financially primarily because he failed in a wine-marketing venture. Following this business setback, he attempted to support his family by working as a schoolteacher, but these efforts were insufficient to achieve prosperity, and he left his survivors in debt upon his death.1