Why did Bernard of Clairvaux oppose Peter Abelard’s approach to theology?

St. Bernard of Clairvaux opposed Peter Abelard’s theological approach primarily because he was deeply suspicious of applying secular learning, philosophy, and dialectic to matters of faith.1

While Bernard championed a spirituality rooted in mystical love, intuitive apprehension of the divine, and contemplation of Christ, he viewed Abelard’s reliance on logic as an excessive and dangerous indulgence. Bernard and other critics were particularly troubled by:12

• Dialectical Analysis: Abelard’s use of dialectics to analyze sacred mysteries, such as the Trinity, was perceived as erroneous and a threat to traditional teachings.13
• Questioning Authority: Through works like Sic et non, Abelard highlighted apparent inconsistencies among authoritative church sources, which challenged established theological norms.13
• Rationalism: Bernard favored the wisdom found in the Church Fathers and monastic tradition over the rationalistic, critical methods Abelard employed in his teaching and writing.12

Ultimately, Bernard viewed Abelard’s methods as a departure from the humble, prayerful submission required for true spiritual understanding, leading to Abelard's condemnation at the Council of Sens in 1140.123