Why did Benny Goodman have to break up his orchestra in 1940?

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Benny Goodman in a tuxedo with bow tie and boutonniere, smiling and holding a clarinet, circa 1945. — Benny Goodman Jazz clarinetist Benny Goodman, c. 1945.

Benny Goodman did not break up his orchestra in 1940 due to a decline in the popularity of swing music, as is sometimes suggested; rather, the decision was necessitated by his health. In July 1940, Goodman entered the hospital for spinal disc surgery, which required him to disband his band during his recovery.1

While he was also facing increased competition for fans from other popular bandleaders like Artie Shaw, Tommy Dorsey, and Glenn Miller, the immediate catalyst for the breakup was his medical procedure. Following his recovery, Goodman successfully assembled a new group to continue his career.1