Who led the ordinary language philosophy movement that influenced Oxford during Bernard Williams’s education?

The ordinary language philosophy movement at the University of Oxford was not led by a single individual, but rather by a group of influential thinkers who emphasized the importance of language in philosophical inquiry.12

J.L. Austin is widely recognized as the most influential member of this school. As White’s Professor of Moral Philosophy, he was a central figure who argued that philosophical theories often gain plausibility by overlooking subtle distinctions in how expressions are used. His work, particularly regarding speech acts, set a significant trend in the philosophy of language.132

Another prominent figure in this movement was Gilbert Ryle, who was also regarded as a key analyst using ordinary language as a philosophical tool. While these philosophers were influenced by the later work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, many of the Oxford-based thinkers did not identify as strict Wittgensteinians, instead developing their own methods of linguistic analysis to address philosophical problems.21