Britannica
Sources used in this answer
Which two German physiologists did Ivan Pavlov study under?
Created from Britannica articles
using AI.
AI can make mistakes, so verify using Britannica articles.
While studying in Germany between 1884 and 1886, the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov worked under the direction of two prominent scientists:
- Carl Ludwig, a cardiovascular physiologist based in Leipzig.12
- Rudolf Heidenhain, a gastrointestinal physiologist based in Breslau.12