Which territories became part of the Fulani empire after Usman dan Fodio’s jihad?

Following the jihad initiated by Usman dan Fodio in 1804, a vast Fulani empire was established, centered at the twin capitals of Sokoto and Gwandu.21

The territories that became part of this politico-religious system included:

• Hausa States: The core of the empire comprised the former kingdoms of Kano, Katsina, Zaria, and Daura.1
• New Emirates: The movement expanded into the Bauchi highlands and the northern grasslands of Cameroon, where the large emirate of Adamawa was created.21
• Nupe and Ilorin: The kingdom of Nupe was converted into an emirate, and the emirate of Ilorin was established in northern Yorubaland, contributing to the decline of the Oyo empire.21

While the jihad influenced areas within Borno, the region maintained resistance and was not fully incorporated into the Fulani administrative system.21