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Which rulers gave Hannibal refuge during his exile from Carthage?
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Hannibal
Hannibal, engraving by John Chapman, 1800.
Following his exile from Carthage, Hannibal sought refuge with several rulers as he continued his opposition to Rome:
- Antiochus III the Great: Hannibal fled to the court of the Seleucid king Antiochus III at Ephesus around 195 BCE. He served as an advisor and military commander for Antiochus during the king's preparations for war against Rome.1
- Prusias I: After the defeat of Antiochus III, Hannibal eventually took refuge with King Prusias I of Bithynia. He served Prusias in his conflict against Rome's ally, King Eumenes II of Pergamum, before ultimately taking his own life to avoid being surrendered to the Romans.1
Some historical accounts also suggest he may have briefly joined rebel forces in Armenia or traveled through Crete during his flight from the east.1