Which rulers did Sicilian republicans oppose during the 1847 revolt?

During the 1847–1848 period of unrest, Sicilian republicans and other revolutionaries opposed the rule of the Bourbon king Ferdinand II, who reigned over the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.12

While the 1848 revolution in Sicily was driven by a desire for independence and a more liberal constitution, the broader revolutionary climate in Italy also saw opposition directed toward other conservative rulers and foreign powers, most notably the Austrian Empire, which maintained hegemony over much of the Italian peninsula and supported the restoration of absolute monarchies.23