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Which regions did French forces occupy before Richelieu’s death?

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Full-length portrait of Cardinal Richelieu by Philippe de Champaigne, showing him in red clerical robes holding a red book, standing beside a balustrade with a draped curtain behind. — Cardinal Richelieu As both statesman and churchman, Cardinal Richelieu was the acknowledged architect of France's greatness in the 17th century. In 1640, when this full-length portrait was painted (likely by Philippe de Champaigne), he was embroiled in a dispute with the pope and other religious controversies along with many other consequences of expanding French power across Europe. He would die two years later, facing conspiracies against his life and suffering ill health.

Before his death in 1642, Cardinal Richelieu sought to secure France’s frontiers by occupying key strategic territories along the borders of imperial and Spanish lands. By the end of his life, French forces had successfully established an occupation in the following regions:

Spanish Netherlands1
Lorraine1
Alsace1
Roussillon1

These military efforts were part of Richelieu’s broader foreign policy objective to counter Habsburg hegemony and ensure the security of the French kingdom during the Thirty Years’ War.1