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Which psychological state does a statement such as āIt is rainingā express in John Searleās account?
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John Searle
American philosopher John Searle, a major contributor to the philosophy of language and the philosophy of mind.
In John Searleās philosophy of language, the statement "It is raining" expresses the speaker's belief that it is raining.1
Searle identifies the expressed psychological state as one of the three basic dimensions used to categorize speech acts, alongside the illocutionary point and the direction of fit. In his taxonomy, a statement is classified as an assertive, which carries a "word-to-world" direction of fit, meaning the speaker intends for their words to match the state of the world. By performing this speech act, the speaker necessarily expresses a mental stateāin this case, a beliefāthat corresponds to the propositional content of the statement.1