Which problem did Henri Bergson investigate in Matter and Memory?

In his 1896 work Matter and Memory (Matière et mémoire), the French philosopher Henri Bergson investigated the relationship between the mind and the body.1

Specifically, Bergson sought to challenge the prevailing doctrine of psychophysiological parallelism, which posited that every psychological fact is strictly determined by a corresponding physiological fact in the brain. By analyzing the psychological phenomenon of aphasia—the loss of the ability to use language—Bergson argued that brain lesions do not destroy memory itself, but rather impair the bodily mechanism required to express it. From these observations, he concluded that the mind is independent of the body and utilizes it to fulfill its own purposes.1