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Which pope was Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s most important patron?

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Lorenzo Bernini: Apollo and Daphne — Gian Lorenzo Bernini *Apollo and Daphne*, marble sculpture by Lorenzo Bernini, 1622–25; in the Borghese Gallery, Rome.

Gian Lorenzo Bernini benefited from the patronage of several popes throughout his career, most notably Urban VIII and Alexander VII.

Under the pontificate of Urban VIII (1623–1644), Bernini entered a period of immense productivity and artistic development, establishing himself as a leading figure in Baroque art and architecture. During this time, he was commissioned to create major works such as the baldachin in St. Peter’s Basilica and various fountains in Rome.1

Later, Alexander VII became another of Bernini’s greatest patrons. Under his support, Bernini produced some of his most significant architectural and decorative achievements, including the colonnade enclosing the piazza before St. Peter’s and the Cathedra Petri (Throne of St. Peter).2

While both popes were instrumental in his success, Urban VIII is often cited as the patron who initiated Bernini's most significant period of artistic growth and professional advancement.12