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Which part of Alessandro Volta’s theory about metals and electrophysiology was incorrect?

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Alessandro Volta was incorrect in implying that every electrophysiological effect requires two different metals as sources of current.1

While Volta correctly challenged Luigi Galvani’s theory of "animal electricity" by demonstrating that electricity could be generated using dissimilar metals without living tissue, his assertion that biological responses always required such metallic contact was flawed. Galvani eventually refuted this by demonstrating muscular contraction in a frog without the use of any metal, by touching the exposed muscle of one frog with the nerve of another, thereby establishing the existence of bioelectric forces within living tissue.12