Which older theory of disease did Rudolf Virchow’s cellular pathology challenge?

Rudolf Virchow’s theory of cellular pathology challenged the long-standing concept of humoral pathology.1

Dating back to the ancient Greeks, humoral pathology posited that disease resulted from an imbalance of the body’s four fluid humors: blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile. While later anatomists such as Giovanni Battista Morgagni and Marie-François-Xavier Bichat had shifted the focus toward lesions in organs and tissues, Virchow further refined this understanding by demonstrating that disease processes originate primarily within the individual cells of the body.12