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Which novel did D.W. Griffith adapt for The Birth of a Nation?

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D.W. Griffith adapted the 1905 novel The Clansman by the Southern clergyman and novelist Thomas Dixon for his 1915 film, The Birth of a Nation.123

While the film is recognized for its technical innovations in cinema, it is also widely condemned for its overt racism, its derogatory portrayal of African Americans, and its glorification of the Ku Klux Klan. The film's promotion of white supremacist ideology had a profound and harmful impact, including the revival of the Ku Klux Klan in the United States.132