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Which major works did Horace write during the Augustan Age?
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Horace
Horace, bronze medal, 4th century; in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris
During the Augustan Age, the Roman poet Horace produced several significant works that defined his literary legacy:
- Odes: Horace published the first three books of these lyric poems in 23 BCE, followed later by a fourth book. These works explore themes of love, nature, friendship, and moderation, while also serving as a tribute to the principate of Augustus.412
- Epistles: These literary letters are more reflective and didactic than his earlier works. Book I was published around 20 BCE, and Book II followed around 14 BCE.12
- Ars poetica: Also known as the Epistle to the Pisos, this work was written about 19–18 BCE. It provides insights into the craft of poetry, the importance of decorum, and the selection of literary genres.31
- Secular Hymn: Composed in 17 BCE for the Secular Games, this lyric poem was written to provide religious sanction for Augustus’s moral reforms.41
While Horace also wrote the Satires and the Epodes, these were largely developed or published during the transition into the Augustan period.1