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Which literary circles did Paul Verlaine join in Paris during the 1860s?
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Paul Verlaine
Paul Verlaine, detail from Un Coin de table, oil painting by Henri Fantin-Latour, 1872; in the Louvre, Paris.
During the 1860s in Paris, Paul Verlaine frequented literary cafés and drawing rooms, where he became associated with the Parnassian group.1
Through these circles, he met several prominent contemporary poets, including Stéphane Mallarmé, Villiers de L’Isle-Adam, and Anatole France. His involvement with these writers led to his contributions to the first series of Le Parnasse contemporain, a collection that helped define the Parnassian movement.1