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Which ideas from Roman law influenced Hugo Grotius’s legal theory?

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Oil portrait of Hugo de Groot, also known as Hugo Grotius, by the workshop of Michiel Janszoon van Mierevelt, showing him with a ruffled white collar and dark clothing. — Hugo Grotius Portrait of Hugo de Groot (Hugo Grotius), oil on panel by the workshop of Michiel Janszoon van Mierevelt, 1631; in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

Hugo Grotius’s legal theory was significantly shaped by Roman law, which he utilized alongside the teachings of the Stoics to establish natural law as the core of his jurisprudentia (legal theory).1

Key influences and applications include:

Natural Law Foundation: Following Roman legal traditions, Grotius argued that natural law is derived from human nature and possesses inherent validity, independent of religious belief.1
Systematization: He drew upon the Roman tradition to organize international law into a comprehensive, systematic framework, particularly in his seminal work, De Jure Belli ac Pacis (On the Law of War and Peace).12
Just War Theory: Grotius incorporated Roman concepts to develop his theory of just war, limiting the causes of war to those that could be addressed through litigation, such as defense and the restitution of property.1
Crime and Punishment: He utilized Roman legal principles to formulate a theory of crime and punishment, characterizing certain conflicts as legitimate punishments for crimes committed by independent powers.1