Which charges against Socrates does Xenophon address in Apology?
In his Apology, the Greek historian and philosopher Xenophon addresses the three specific charges brought against Socrates during his trial in 399 BCE. These charges were:12
- Failing to acknowledge the gods recognized by the city.12
- Introducing other new divinities.12
- Corrupting the young.12
Xenophonâs account, which he based on information learned from Hermogenes, a member of the Socratic circle, agrees with Platoâs Apology regarding these core accusations. Both authors also confirm that the prosecution, led by Meletus, supported these charges by pointing to a "divine voice" or sign that Socrates claimed acted as his personal guide. While Xenophon and Plato differ in certain narrative detailsâsuch as Xenophonâs focus on the burdens of old ageâtheir consensus on the nature of the formal charges provides historical consistency regarding the legal basis of Socrates' trial.12