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Which book did Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall publish in 1923?
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In 1923, Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall published the book Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances. This work served as the culmination of Lewis's extensive research into chemical thermodynamics, during which he developed key concepts such as fugacity, activity coefficient, and ionic strength to bridge the gap between thermodynamic theory and experimental practice.1