Britannica Sources used in this answer

Which Vatican rooms were painted almost entirely by Raphael himself?

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Raphael: The Grand Duke's Madonna — Raphael *The Grand Duke's Madonna*, oil painting by Raphael, 1505; in the Pitti Palace, Florence.

The Vatican rooms that were decorated practically entirely by Raphael himself are the Stanza della Segnatura (1508–1511) and the Stanza d’Eliodoro (1512–1514).1

While Raphael also designed the frescoes for the third room, the Stanza dell’Incendio (1514–1517), those works were largely executed by his assistants and pupils, with the notable exception of the Fire in the Borgo fresco.1