Which Stoic ideas did Philo Judaeus adopt or criticize?

Philo Judaeus frequently incorporated the terminology of the Stoics into his writings, often more than that of any other philosophical school. However, he remained critical of their underlying thoughts.1

While Philo utilized Stoic language, he diverged significantly from their core theological and philosophical positions:

• Providence: Philo rejected the prevailing Greek philosophical view—held by the Stoics—that a universal Providence is subject to the unchanging laws of nature. Instead, he insisted on an individual Providence capable of suspending the laws of nature.1
• Free Will: Philo maintained that human beings possess complete freedom to act against the laws of their own nature. This stance contrasts with the deterministic views often associated with Stoic philosophy.12

Philo’s broader philosophical framework was primarily Platonic, and he utilized various Greek concepts to provide Judaism with intellectual respectability, often prioritizing Jewish religious tradition over the philosophical systems he engaged with.12