Which Mikhail Lermontov works combine romantic themes with criticism of contemporary Russian society?

Mikhail Lermontov frequently integrated Romantic elements with a critical examination of 19th-century Russian society. His works often reflected his skepticism toward the era and his disdain for the prevailing aristocratic and political climate.1

Key works that combine these themes include:

• A Hero of Our Time: This novel serves as a profound critique of contemporary society. Through the protagonist, Pechorin—a cynical, disillusioned aristocrat—Lermontov portrayed what he described as a "portrait composed of the vices of our entire generation in full flower".12
• Stranny chelovek ("A Strange Man"): This drama explicitly reflected the attitudes of student societies, expressing hatred for the despotic tsarist regime and the institution of serfdom.1
• Maskarad ("Masquerade"): Based on Lermontov’s critical observations of aristocratic life in St. Petersburg, this play explores the social intrigue and moral decay of the elite.1
• Lyric Poetry: Poems such as "Duma" ("Thought") embody his bitterly skeptical evaluation of his generation and the times in which he lived.1

These works demonstrate Lermontov's commitment to highlighting the "illness" of his society, even as he utilized the evocative, exotic imagery characteristic of the Romantic tradition.12