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Which English writer’s work did Denis Diderot translate in 1745?

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Dimitry Levitzky: portrait of Denis Diderot — Denis Diderot Portrait of Denis Diderot, oil on canvas by Dimitry Levitzky, 18th century.

In 1745, Denis Diderot published a free translation of the Inquiry Concerning Virtue by the English philosopher Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury.1

Diderot’s translation helped spread Shaftesbury’s fame and influence in France, and the ideas within the work—which emphasized a natural moral sense—directly inspired or were incorporated into Diderot’s own Pensées philosophiques (1746).1