Which Baroque artists influenced Peter Paul Rubens in Rome?

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During his time in Rome, Peter Paul Rubens was significantly influenced by the emerging Baroque style, which was defined by the work of two key artists:

  • Annibale Carracci: Rubens drew inspiration from Carracci’s classicizing approach, particularly the frescoes in the Palazzo Farnese, which served as a vital study for his own Baroque development.123
  • Caravaggio: Rubens assimilated the bold naturalism characteristic of Caravaggio’s work.13

In addition to these contemporary Baroque masters, Rubens’s style in Rome was shaped by his intensive study of the heroically idealized forms found in the works of Michelangelo and Raphael, as well as his ongoing engagement with ancient Roman art and sculpture.12