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When was Peruâs independence proclaimed?
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JosĂ© de San MartĂn
JosĂ© de San MartĂn, detail of a portrait by F. Bouchot; in the West Point Museum, New York.
Peruâs independence was formally proclaimed on July 28, 1821.12
This declaration was led by the Argentine general JosĂ© de San MartĂn, who had successfully occupied Lima after using Chile as a base for a seaborne campaign against Spanish forces. While this proclamation marked a significant milestone, the struggle for liberation continued until Spanish military power was definitively broken at the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824 under the leadership of SimĂłn BolĂvar.12