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When was Duccio first recorded as an independent painter in Siena?
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Duccio
The Virgin Enthroned with the Child, Surrounded by the Patrons of Siena, Angels, and Saints, central panel of the Maestà, tempera on wood panel by Duccio, 1308–11; in the Siena Opera della Metropolitana, Italy.
Duccio was first recorded as an independent, mature painter in 1278. In that year, the treasurer of the commune of Siena commissioned him to decorate 12 strongboxes for documents, a task that confirms he was already an established artist working for himself.1