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When did the Ming dynasty abandon direct rule of Annam?
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Yongle
The Yongle emperor, detail of a portrait; in the National Palace Museum, Taipei.
The Ming dynasty abandoned direct rule of Annam (present-day Vietnam) in 1428.1
Following the Yongle emperor's decision to transform Dai Viet into a Chinese province in 1407, the region faced persistent local resistance and guerrilla warfare. By the time of the Yongle emperor's death, the Chinese position had become increasingly precarious, and the situation was ultimately resolved when his grandson, the Xuande emperor, formally abandoned direct administration of the territory in 1428.1