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When and where was the Schmalkaldic League formed?
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Philip
Philip, 17th-century etching.
The Schmalkaldic League was established in February 1531 in Schmalkalden, Germany.1
Led by Philip the Magnanimous of Hesse and John Frederick I of Saxony, this defensive alliance was formed by Protestant territories of the Holy Roman Empire to protect themselves against efforts to enforce the 1530 Diet of Augsburg, which demanded a return to Catholic practices. Under Philip's leadership, the league united six princes and ten towns, serving as a central force in Protestant politics and a significant factor in European affairs during the Reformation.12