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What were the terms of the Treaty of Conway?
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Edward I
Edward I, watercolour, 15th century; in the British Library (Cotton MS. Julius E. IV).
Following his successful military campaign against Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in 1277, Edward I imposed the Treaty of Conway to formalize the submission of the Welsh prince. The terms of the treaty included the following requirements:
- Fealty and Homage: Llywelyn was compelled to perform formal acts of fealty and homage to the English king.1
- Territorial Concessions: Llywelyn was required to surrender specific districts in North Wales, effectively restricting his authority to the region of Gwynedd west of the Conwy River.12
- Financial Indemnity: Llywelyn agreed to pay a large financial indemnity to the English crown, though he was eventually excused from this payment.1
This treaty marked a significant shift in power, as it dismantled the broader Principality of Wales that Llywelyn had previously established and reasserted English jurisdiction over the region.12