What was Klemens von Metternich’s policy toward Napoleon’s invasion of Russia in 1812?

Klemens von Metternich’s policy toward Napoleon’s 1812 invasion of Russia was characterized by a strategic attempt to preserve Austria’s independence while avoiding total commitment to either side.

Following his appointment as foreign minister, Metternich sought to steer Austria away from direct conflict with France, eventually convincing Emperor Francis I to provide a contingent of 30,000 troops to support Napoleon’s campaign. However, this participation was carefully managed; Metternich ensured that these forces operated as an independent contingent under the command of Karl, Fürst zu Schwarzenberg, rather than being fully integrated into the French army.12

Metternich’s broader goal was to maintain a balance of power in Europe, fearing that a total victory by either Napoleon or Russia would threaten the security of the Habsburg monarchy. Consequently, even after Napoleon’s disastrous defeat in Russia, Metternich did not immediately join the anti-French coalition. Instead, he maintained a stance of armed neutrality, using the time to secretly rearm Austria and attempt to mediate a peace settlement that would keep both France and Russia in check.12