What subjects does Xenophon discuss in On Horsemanship?

In his treatise On Horsemanship (De re equestri), the Greek historian Xenophon provides a comprehensive discussion regarding various aspects of horse ownership and riding.1

Drawing upon his own extensive personal experience, Xenophon offers practical guidance that remains highly regarded for its humane approach. Key subjects and principles discussed in the work include:23

• Training and Riding Philosophy: Xenophon advocated for the use of the mildest possible bits and strongly disapproved of using force to train or ride horses.3
• Practical Care: The text covers technical advice on the selection, management, and general care of horses.1
• Riding Techniques: He details methods for effective riding, emphasizing principles that many modern equestrians still consider valid today.3

While On Horsemanship focuses on the individual horse and rider, Xenophon also addressed the broader organization of mounted forces in his separate work, Cavalry Commander, which discusses improvements for the Athenian cavalry corps.1