What projects did Hadrian support in Athens?

Emperor Hadrian, a renowned philhellene, significantly contributed to the architectural and cultural landscape of Athens during his reign. His major projects and initiatives included:

• Temple of Olympian Zeus: Hadrian completed this massive temple, which had been under construction for over 600 years.12
• Infrastructure and Civic Buildings: He commissioned a library, a gymnasium, and a pantheon (a sanctuary for all gods). Additionally, he constructed an aqueduct to bring water from the northern mountains, a system that remains in use today.2
• The Arch of Hadrian: Athens honored the emperor with this monumental gateway, which served as an entrance to the city's new eastern suburb.12
• The Panhellenion: Hadrian established this federation of Greek cities, with Athens serving as its central hub, to foster unity and provide equal representation for its members.1

These efforts reflected Hadrian’s deep affinity for Hellenic culture, which he actively promoted throughout his time as emperor.1