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What languages did St. Paul the Apostle use in his life and letters?

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Caravaggio: The Conversion of St. Paul (second version) — St. Paul the Apostle *The Conversion of St. Paul* (second version), oil on canvas by Caravaggio, 1601; in Santa Maria del Popolo, Rome.

St. Paul the Apostle was a Greek-speaking Jew from Tarsus in Asia Minor. As a missionary operating throughout the eastern Roman Empire, he primarily utilized Koine (or "common") Greek for his letters. This dialect served as the lingua franca of the region and was the standard language for early Christian literature.123

While Paul’s letters were written in Koine Greek, his background as a Pharisee indicates he was also well-versed in the Hebrew Bible, from which he quoted extensively using the Greek translation. Additionally, given his upbringing and the linguistic landscape of the 1st-century Middle East, it is highly probable that he was familiar with Aramaic, which was the everyday language of the Jewish population in Palestine and Syria at the time.124

Paul typically dictated his letters to an amanuensis, though he would occasionally write greetings in his own hand. His writing style in these letters is characterized as an admixture of Greek and Jewish forms.15