What kinds of personal artwork did Qianlong create?

It is a common misconception that all artistic works produced during the reign of the Qianlong emperor were his own creations; in reality, it was customary to attribute many works produced by court artists to the emperor himself, making it difficult to determine the exact extent of his personal output.1

However, historical records confirm that Qianlong actively engaged in several artistic pursuits. His personal creative work included:

• Writing: He authored both prose and poetry.1
• Visual Arts: He practiced both calligraphy and painting.1

While he was a prolific patron of the arts and oversaw massive cultural projects like the compilation of the Sikuquanshu, his direct personal contribution to the vast body of art produced during his reign remains indistinguishable from the work of the many artists he employed.1