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What kinds of legal penalties did Duccio receive during his life in Siena?
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Duccio
The Virgin Enthroned with the Child, Surrounded by the Patrons of Siena, Angels, and Saints, central panel of the Maestà, tempera on wood panel by Duccio, 1308–11; in the Siena Opera della Metropolitana, Italy.
Throughout his life in Siena, the painter Duccio incurred a significant number of fines, which suggest he possessed a restless and rebellious temperament. These legal penalties were imposed for a variety of reasons, including:1
- Financial issues: He was fined on multiple occasions for the nonpayment of debts.1
- Civic and military obligations: In 1295, he was penalized for refusing to pledge allegiance to the head of the popolo party, and in 1302, he was fined for failing to appear for military duty.1
- Criminal and social conduct: In 1280, he was fined 100 lire for unrecorded misconduct, and in 1302, he faced a penalty for what appeared to be the practice of sorcery.1