What jobs did Herbert Spencer hold before becoming a full-time writer?

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Before establishing himself as a full-time writer, the British philosopher Herbert Spencer held several positions:

  • Schoolteacher: He worked in this role for a few months.1
  • Railway Civil Engineer: He held this position from 1837 to 1841.1
  • Journalist and Subeditor: He was involved in progressive journalism, contributing to publications such as The Zoist and The Pilot. In 1848, he became a subeditor for The Economist, a position he held until 1853.1