What happened to the Jews of Alexandria before Philo Judaeus visited the emperor Caligula?
Before Philo Judaeus led an embassy to the emperor Caligula in 39 or 40 CE, the Jewish community of Alexandria experienced a violent pogrom.
This period was marked by significant interethnic strife within the city, as the Jewish population faced virulent antisemitism and massacres perpetrated by non-Jewish residents. Tensions were exacerbated by the community's efforts to obtain citizenship rights, which often required compromises with their traditions, such as participating in pagan festivals and sacrifices. Furthermore, the Jews faced accusations of disloyalty from anti-Semitic figures like the Greek grammarian Apion, which prompted Philo to head the embassy to Caligula to defend Jewish rights that had been granted by the Ptolemies and confirmed by the emperor Augustus.123