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What happened at Frederick I’s Pentecost festival in Mainz in 1184?

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Medieval manuscript miniature showing Frederick I as a crowned crusader holding an orb and scepter, with Henry of Schaftlarn kneeling and presenting a book to him. — Frederick I Frederick I as a Crusader with (right) Henry of Schäftlarn dedicating to him a copy of the History of the First Crusade by Robert of St. Remy; miniature from a manuscript in the Vatican Library.

At the Pentecost festival held in Mainz in 1184, Frederick I (Barbarossa) expressed his deep enthusiasm for chivalry as an ideal way of life. The central event of the celebration was the knighting of his sons.1