What happened after the 2005 constitutional referendum in Kenya?

Following the defeat of the draft constitution in the November 2005 referendum—a campaign successfully led by Raila Odinga—President Mwai Kibaki dismissed his entire cabinet.1

In December 2005, Kibaki reconstituted the cabinet without Odinga or many of the other former members who had supported the opposition to the referendum. This period also saw the emergence of the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), a powerful coalition of political parties that formed out of the debate surrounding the constitutional referendum. Tensions between the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the National Alliance of Kenya (NAK) continued to escalate, eventually leading to the collapse of the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) in 2006.123