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What does the law of independent assortment state about different gene pairs?

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The law of independent assortment, formulated by the botanist Gregor Mendel, states that the alleles of a gene pair located on one pair of chromosomes are inherited independently of the alleles of a gene pair located on a different chromosome pair.1

In modern biological terms, this means that because maternal and paternal members of different chromosome pairs are assorted independently during meiosis, the genes they contain are also distributed independently into sex cells. These sex cells, which contain various random assortments of these genes, subsequently fuse at random with the sex cells produced by the other parent. This process is a primary driver of the genetic variety observed among the offspring of the same parents.21