What did Giordano Bruno propose about the atomic basis of matter?

Giordano Bruno developed his concept of an atomic basis of matter and being primarily in his later Latin poems, such as De triplici minimo et mensura ("On the Threefold Minimum and Measure") and De monade, numero et figura ("On the Monad, Number, and Figure").1

In his work De monade, numero et figura, Bruno described three fundamental types of monads: God, souls, and atoms. His philosophy moved away from traditional Aristotelian physics, which relied on a dualism between form and matter. Instead, Bruno proposed a monistic conception of the world, arguing that form and matter are intimately united to constitute the "one". This perspective implies a basic unity of all substances and the coincidence of opposites within the infinite unity of Being.21

By defining atoms as a fundamental type of monad, Bruno integrated his physical theory of matter into a broader metaphysical framework that emphasized the underlying unity of the infinite universe.12