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What did Giordano Bruno criticize in The Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast?
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Giordano Bruno
Giordano Bruno, statue.
In The Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast (Spaccio de la bestia trionfante), published in 1584, Giordano Bruno presents a satire directed at contemporary superstitions and vices.
Specifically, the work embodies a strong criticism of Christian ethics. Bruno particularly targeted the Calvinistic principle of salvation by faith alone. In opposition to this doctrine, he championed an exalted view of the dignity of all human activities, emphasizing the value of human effort and action.1