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How was Toussaint Louverture captured by French forces in 1802?

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Toussaint Louverture stands in a military uniform with a feathered hat, holding a document and sword, with soldiers and a landscape in the background. — Toussaint Louverture A formerly enslaved person who became the leading figure of the Haitian Revolution, Toussaint Louverture helped lay the foundation for Haiti's independence.

In 1802, French General Charles Leclerc led a military expedition to Saint-Domingue to reassert French control and suppress the rebellion led by Toussaint Louverture. Following months of conflict, Louverture agreed to surrender in May 1802, receiving assurances that slavery would not be reinstated.12

Despite this agreement, Louverture was captured through treachery shortly thereafter. In June 1802, he was invited to a parley by French General Jean-Baptiste Brunet under false pretenses. Upon his arrival at Brunet’s home, Louverture was seized by French forces acting under orders from Napoleon Bonaparte, who suspected him of plotting an uprising. Following his arrest, Louverture was deported to France and imprisoned in the remote Fort-de-Joux, where he died in April 1803.21