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How does the rate of changing magnetic flux affect induced voltage?
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Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday, oil on canvas by Thomas Phillips, 1841–42; in the National Portrait Gallery, London.
Michael Faraday discovered that the magnitude of the electromotive force (emf) induced in a circuit is directly proportional to the rate at which the magnetic flux changes over time.1
This relationship is expressed mathematically as:
In this equation, represents the magnetic flux, and represents time. When the rate of change of magnetic flux is measured in webers per second, the resulting induced emf is measured in volts. The negative sign in the formula accounts for Lenz’s law, which dictates that the induced current flows in a direction that opposes the change in magnetic flux that produced it, thereby upholding the conservation of energy.12