How does the finale of Mozart’s Jupiter Symphony use counterpoint?

The finale of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s Jupiter Symphony (Symphony No. 41 in C Major) is celebrated for its masterful integration of complex counterpoint within a sonata form structure.12

While the movement is bold and brisk, it is particularly noted for its rich contrapuntal working, which culminates in a grand apotheosis. A hallmark of the piece is its strident fugal coda, where Mozart demonstrates his profound command of polyphonic techniques. Specifically, the movement features a section where five different themes are stated simultaneously, either individually or in various combinations.213

Despite this intricate layering, the counterpoint remains entirely subservient to the symphony’s harmonic and tonal design. Mozart ensures that each voice is governed by an underlying phrase structure, allowing the combined parts to form unified musical phrases that align with the clear-cut cadences and symmetrical requirements of the Classical style.3