How does Paradise Lost portray the contrast between Satan and the Son?

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Engraved portrait of John Milton by Jacob Houbraken, showing Milton with shoulder-length hair, a lace collar, and period clothing, facing forward in an oval frame. — John Milton John Milton, engraving by Jacob Houbraken, 1741.

In Paradise Lost, John Milton contrasts the character of Satan with that of the Son (Jesus Christ) to redefine the nature of heroism.

Satan is portrayed through the lens of Classical epic conventions, embodying traits such as defiance, pride, anger, and a relentless will. His heroism is characterized by his refusal to yield and his resourcefulness in battle, mirroring the passions and vices often found in figures like Achilles or Aeneas.

In contrast, the Son represents Christian heroism, which Milton elevates above the Classical ideal. While the Son proves invincible in the war against the fallen angels, his true heroism lies in his meekness, patience, and fortitude. Rather than seeking glory through battlefield conquest, the Son demonstrates consummate love for humankind through his willingness to undergo voluntary humiliation and death. This selfless act of redemption serves as the ultimate counterpoint to Satan’s selfish pride. Ultimately, the Son’s sacrifice provides the hope of regeneration, allowing humanity to overcome the consequences of Satan’s wiles and the fall of Adam and Eve.1