How does Antonio Vivaldi portray cold weather in the Winter concerto?

In his Winter concerto, part of the famous The Four Seasons, Antonio Vivaldi utilizes program music to vividly depict the harshness of the season. By translating the accompanying sonnet directly into his composition, he captures the physical sensations and environmental challenges of winter.1

Vivaldi portrays the cold through the following musical narrative:

• Allegro non molto: The music evokes the feeling of being frozen and shivering amidst icy snow and severe, terrible winds. It captures the rhythmic stamping of feet to stay warm and the sound of chattering teeth.1
• Largo: The mood shifts to the contrast of spending quiet, happy moments by a fire while rain soaks everything outside.1
• Allegro: The final movement depicts the precariousness of walking on ice. The music mimics tentative, careful steps, the sudden slips and falls, and the frantic movement required to cross before the ice cracks. It concludes with the chaotic battle of the winds, such as the Sirocco and Boreas, ultimately framing winter as a season that still brings its own form of joy.1