How do skin blood vessels respond to cold weather according to Claude Bernard’s research?

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According to the research of French physiologist Claude Bernard, the body regulates its internal environment through the action of vasomotor nerves.

In response to cold weather, these nerves trigger the constriction of blood vessels in the skin. This physiological reaction serves to conserve body heat, helping the organism maintain a stable internal temperature despite changing external conditions—a foundational concept in the study of homeostasis. Conversely, in hot weather, these same vessels expand to dissipate excess heat.1